An investigation on pollutant emissions from co-firing of RDF and coal

Pollutant emissions from co-firing of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and coal were investigated in a vortexing fluidized bed combustor (VFBC). RDF-5 was made of common municipal solid waste (MSW). CaCO₃ was injected in the combustor to absorb HCl at 850 °C. The results show that NO_x and HCl emissions increase with RDF-5 co-firing ratio. The NO_x concentration in flue gas at the bottom of the combustor is higher than that at the top. However, the trend of HCl released is reverse compared with NO_x emissions. It was found that the HCl concentration decreases with increasing the molar ratio of Ca/Cl. However, the effect of CaCO₃ addition on HCl retention is not significant when the molar ratio of Ca/Cl is higher than 5. The chlorine content in fly ash increases obviously with the molar ratio of Ca/Cl. PCDD/Fs emissions decrease slightly with an addition of CaCO₃. In this study incomplete combustion is regarded as the main cause for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) formation.     

Dynamic characteristics of chlorine dispersion process and quantitative risk assessment of pollution hazard

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to analyze dispersion behavior characteristics and pollution hazard risk after a release of liquid chlorine. A full-scale...     

有机质对p,p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附影响

为研究有机质对p, p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附影响因素,采用批量试验方法,分析p, p′-DDE在包气带土壤及含水层土壤上吸附量的变化及有机质对p, p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附影响.结果表明,p, p′-DDE在土壤中的吸附均符合先快后慢、最后达到吸附平衡的规律;其吸附动力学曲线用一级和二级反应动力学方程均能较好拟合,说明p, p′-DDE在这两种物质中的吸附以简单吸附为主,同时包含表面吸附、颗粒内部扩散等过程.包气带土壤和含水层土壤等温吸附线的拟合相关系数(R2)均大于0.95,符合Freundlich模型和线性模型,而含水层样品与Freundlich模型拟合得更好,表明p, p′-DDE在包气带土壤中的吸附以单分子层吸附为主,而在含水层土壤中的吸附还伴随着多分子层吸附的复杂过程;去除内源DOM(溶解性有机质)后,样品对p, p′-DDE的吸附量呈增加趋势,按吸附增加量由小到大的排序为1-1(0~10 cm) < 1-2(120~150 cm) < 2-4(100~120 cm),说明内源DOM的存在总体上抑制了p, p′-DDE的吸附,并且w(DOM)越高,其抑制作用越强;外源DOM的加入抑制了土壤对p, p′-DDE的吸附;去除有机质后样品对p, p′-DDE的吸附量与w(黏土矿物)具有正相关性.研究显示,有机质对土壤中有机污染物的吸附迁移研究对土壤修复有重要意义,需要对有机质影响土壤的吸附机制进行更深层次的研究.      

环境保护系统参与空间规划的思考与建议

空间规划体系下,环境规划在空间落地性以及精细化程度上存在短板。建议环境规划进一步完善生态保护红线制度,探索环境质量底线、环保负面清单的划定技术思路与技术路线,推动环境保护系统化参与空间规划。     

液化烃球罐泄漏温度场及材料适应性研究

针对高压储存的液化烃一旦发生泄漏,会迅速气化并吸热,使得球罐温度降低,严重时温度可能低于标准中允许的球罐材质最低适应温度的问题,建立球罐三维物理模型,基于CFD模拟的方法,采用雷诺时均的Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε湍流模型,分析球罐管线发生泄漏时球罐本体及周围环境的温度分布情况,探讨了不同泄漏孔径对球罐温度的影响。研究结果表明球罐发生泄漏时,球罐外部温度会明显降低,由于保温层的存在,球罐本体温度降幅不大。但在泄漏孔附近会形成较小的低温区,超过了16MnR材质的低温承受能力,存在较大的风险。     

Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface

Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen？ This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus （P） exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter （SPM）, and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus （PP） to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water.     

餐饮废弃物的危害及环境管理对策

介绍了餐饮废弃物的特点,处理不当污染环境,探讨餐饮废弃物无害化处理方式,并提出了针对餐饮业废弃物的环境管理对策。     

国家相关政策法规对石化企业建设项目环保管理的影响分析

分析了近期国家陆续出台的各项政策对中国石化建设项目管理的影响,并提出了对策建议.     

保护层分析应用规则研究

为了确保保护层分析(LOPA)结果的客观性和可靠性,对LOPA的应用规则进行了探讨.按照LOPA应用的基本程序,对场景筛选、确定初始事件、独立保护层评估、场景频率计算、风险决策及后续跟踪等的相关规则进行了阐述.企业在应用LOPA时,应严格按照这些规则进行.